Since an international coalition ousted former Libyan leader Muammar Qaddafi’s regime in 2011, Libya has been in a near-permanent state of political instability and conflict. Contested parliamentary elections in 2014 saw the country effectively split into two areas with competing governments – the Tripoli-based High State Council (HSC) in western Libya and the Tobrukbased House of Representatives (HoR) in the eastern half of the country.1 Politically, the Tobruk-based government continues to strengthen its parallel state institutions following the collapse of the Government of National Unity in early 2022, while the HSC is trying to counter this process by, among other things, deploying Criminal Investigation Department (CID) agents outside the areas of direct HSC control.
This situation report covers eastern Libya, which is currently under the control of the Tobruk-based HoR led by Osama Hamad, and which receives support from the Libyan National Army (LNA) led by Khalifa Haftar. It discusses the implications of this complex political context for aid agencies working in eastern Libya in the aftermath of the devastating floods in September 2023.
It provides an assessment of possible events that aid agencies may anticipate and plan for, allowing them to respond with conflict-sensitive plans to ensure the safety of staff and aid access and the protection of the humanitarian space. |
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